perf: persist model-isolated sqlite-vec indexes and index new notes incrementally

backend/app/retrieval/routed_vectors.py

@@ -2,15 +2,14 @@
 
 The runtime's model_id is the authoritative space ID (including provider URL,
 endpoint, model and dimensions); equal dimensions alone never imply compatibility.
-This phase uses a lazy, rebuildable SQLite side table instead of a schema migration.
-Search scans only current blocks in one database snapshot and requires complete
-coverage. Cosine ranking costs O(blocks * dimensions) with an O(top_k) heap; this
-small-vault implementation should become a per-space ANN index at larger scale.
+Durable vectors are reused to build per-space/dimension sqlite-vec indexes lazily.
+Native exact KNN avoids Python JSON decoding and dot products on every search.
+Coverage checks and ranking share one transaction.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import heapq
+import asyncio
 import json
 import logging
 import math
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ from app.operation_logs import log_event
 from app.retrieval.vectorstore import VectorHit
 from app.retrieval.provenance import record_embedding
 from app.retrieval.hybrid import rrf_fuse
+from app.retrieval import space_index
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -121,9 +121,15 @@ def _ensure_table(conn: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
             block_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES blocks(block_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
             dimensions INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (dimensions > 0),
             vector TEXT NOT NULL,
-            PRIMARY KEY (space_id, block_id)
+            PRIMARY KEY (space_id, dimensions, block_id)
         )
     """)
+    primary = [row[1] for row in sorted(conn.execute('PRAGMA table_info(routed_block_vectors)'), key=lambda row: row[5]) if row[5]]
+    if primary == ['space_id', 'block_id']:
+        conn.execute('CREATE TABLE routed_block_vectors_upgrade (space_id TEXT NOT NULL, block_id TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES blocks(block_id) ON DELETE CASCADE, dimensions INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK(dimensions>0), vector TEXT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(space_id,dimensions,block_id))')
+        conn.execute('INSERT INTO routed_block_vectors_upgrade SELECT * FROM routed_block_vectors')
+        conn.execute('DROP TABLE routed_block_vectors')
+        conn.execute('ALTER TABLE routed_block_vectors_upgrade RENAME TO routed_block_vectors')
     conn.execute("""
         CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS routed_block_vectors_block_id
         ON routed_block_vectors(block_id)
@@ -149,13 +155,14 @@ def store_remote(
             conn.executemany(
                 """INSERT INTO routed_block_vectors (space_id, block_id, dimensions, vector)
                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
-                   ON CONFLICT (space_id, block_id) DO UPDATE SET
+                   ON CONFLICT (space_id, dimensions, block_id) DO UPDATE SET
                        dimensions = excluded.dimensions, vector = excluded.vector""",
                 [
                     (batch.space_id, block_id, batch.dimensions, json.dumps(vector, allow_nan=False))
                     for block_id, vector in zip(block_ids, batch.vectors)
                 ],
             )
+            space_index.upsert(conn, block_ids, batch)
         except BaseException:
             conn.execute("ROLLBACK TO routed_vectors_write")
             raise
@@ -183,6 +190,10 @@ async def search_remote(query: str, *, top_k: int, accept_local=False, strict=Fa
     if batch is None:
         return None
 
+    return await asyncio.to_thread(_search_space, batch, top_k, strict)
+
+
+def _search_space(batch, top_k, strict):
     record_embedding(attempted_space={"model_id": batch.space_id, "dimensions": batch.dimensions})
     try:
         conn = connect()
@@ -198,29 +209,8 @@ async def search_remote(query: str, *, top_k: int, accept_local=False, strict=Fa
                     if strict:
                         raise ValueError("semantic index missing")
                     return None
-                rows = conn.execute(
-                    """SELECT b.block_id, r.vector
-                       FROM blocks AS b
-                       LEFT JOIN routed_block_vectors AS r
-                         ON r.block_id = b.block_id AND r.space_id = ? AND r.dimensions = ?
-                       ORDER BY b.block_id""",
-                    (batch.space_id, batch.dimensions),
-                )
-
-                def hits():
-                    for row in rows:
-                        if row["vector"] is None:
-                            raise ValueError("remote space has incomplete block coverage")
-                        vector = _unit_vector(json.loads(row["vector"]), batch.dimensions)
-                        score = math.fsum(a * b for a, b in zip(batch.vectors[0], vector))
-                        yield VectorHit(id=row["block_id"], score=max(0.0, min(1.0, score)))
-
-                try:
-                    result = heapq.nlargest(top_k, hits(), key=lambda hit: hit.score)
-                finally:
-                    # Exceptions may retain the generator/traceback; finalize its
-                    # cursor now so a subsequent rebuild can acquire a write lock.
-                    rows.close()
+                _ensure_table(conn)
+                result = space_index.search(conn, batch, top_k)
                 record_embedding(source=batch.source, model_id=batch.space_id,
                                  dimensions=batch.dimensions, fallback_reason=None)
                 return result
@@ -244,6 +234,10 @@ async def _search_partitioned(query: str, policies: set[bool], *, top_k: int, st
         if batch is None:
             return None
         batches[policy] = batch
+    return await asyncio.to_thread(_search_partitions, batches, policies, top_k, strict)
+
+
+def _search_partitions(batches, policies, top_k, strict):
     conn = connect()
     try:
         with transaction(conn):
@@ -253,23 +247,8 @@ async def _search_partitioned(query: str, policies: set[bool], *, top_k: int, st
                 raise ValueError("embedding policies changed while querying")
             ranked = []
             for policy, batch in batches.items():
-                rows = conn.execute(
-                    "SELECT b.block_id,r.vector FROM blocks b LEFT JOIN routed_block_vectors r "
-                    "ON r.block_id=b.block_id AND r.space_id=? AND r.dimensions=? "
-                    "WHERE b.embedding_local_only=? ORDER BY b.block_id",
-                    (batch.space_id, batch.dimensions, int(policy)),
-                )
-                def hits():
-                    for row in rows:
-                        if row['vector'] is None:
-                            raise ValueError("incomplete policy coverage")
-                        vector = _unit_vector(json.loads(row['vector']), batch.dimensions)
-                        score = math.fsum(a * b for a, b in zip(batch.vectors[0], vector))
-                        yield VectorHit(id=row['block_id'], score=max(0.0, min(1.0, score)))
-                try:
-                    ranked.append(heapq.nlargest(top_k, hits(), key=lambda hit: hit.score))
-                finally:
-                    rows.close()
+                _ensure_table(conn)
+                ranked.append(space_index.search(conn, batch, top_k, policy))
             spaces = [{"source": b.source, "model_id": b.space_id, "dimensions": b.dimensions,
                        "local_only": policy} for policy, b in batches.items()]
             record_embedding(source="mixed" if len({b.source for b in batches.values()}) > 1 else batch.source,

backend/app/retrieval/space_index.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Persistent vec0 indexes derived from durable routed vectors, one per space/dimension."""
+import hashlib
+import json
+
+import sqlite_vec
+
+from app.retrieval.vectorstore import VectorHit
+
+
+def table_name(space, dimensions):
+    return 'routed_vec_' + hashlib.sha256(json.dumps([space, dimensions]).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+
+def ensure(conn, space, dimensions):
+    from app.retrieval.routed_vectors import _unit_vector
+    table = table_name(space, dimensions)
+    if conn.execute('SELECT 1 FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=?', (table,)).fetchone():
+        return table
+    if type(dimensions) is not int or not 0 < dimensions <= 8192:
+        raise ValueError('unsupported vector dimensions')
+    conn.execute(f'CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE {table} USING vec0(block_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY, embedding float[{dimensions}], local_only INTEGER)')
+    for row in conn.execute('SELECT r.block_id,r.vector,b.embedding_local_only FROM routed_block_vectors r JOIN blocks b USING(block_id) WHERE r.space_id=? AND r.dimensions=?', (space, dimensions)):
+        conn.execute(f'INSERT INTO {table}(block_id,embedding,local_only) VALUES (?,?,?)',
+                     (row[0], sqlite_vec.serialize_float32(_unit_vector(json.loads(row[1]), dimensions)), row[2]))
+    literal = conn.execute('SELECT quote(?)', (space,)).fetchone()[0]
+    for event in ('DELETE', 'UPDATE'):
+        conn.execute(f'''CREATE TRIGGER {table}_{event.lower()} AFTER {event} ON routed_block_vectors
+            WHEN old.space_id={literal} AND old.dimensions={dimensions}
+            BEGIN DELETE FROM {table} WHERE block_id=old.block_id; END''')
+    return table
+
+
+def upsert(conn, block_ids, batch):
+    from app.retrieval.routed_vectors import _unit_vector
+    table = ensure(conn, batch.space_id, batch.dimensions)
+    for block_id, vector in zip(block_ids, batch.vectors):
+        conn.execute(f'DELETE FROM {table} WHERE block_id=?', (block_id,))
+        conn.execute(f'INSERT INTO {table}(block_id,embedding,local_only) SELECT block_id,?,embedding_local_only FROM blocks WHERE block_id=?',
+                     (sqlite_vec.serialize_float32(_unit_vector(vector, batch.dimensions)), block_id))
+
+
+def search(conn, batch, top_k, policy=None):
+    table = ensure(conn, batch.space_id, batch.dimensions)
+    # Coverage checks stay relational; no JSON decoding or Python dot products on the hot path.
+    where = '' if policy is None else ' AND b.embedding_local_only=?'
+    params = () if policy is None else (int(policy),)
+    missing = conn.execute(f'''SELECT 1 FROM blocks b LEFT JOIN routed_block_vectors r
+        ON r.block_id=b.block_id AND r.space_id=? AND r.dimensions=?
+        WHERE r.block_id IS NULL{where} LIMIT 1''', (batch.space_id, batch.dimensions, *params)).fetchone()
+    expected = conn.execute('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM blocks' + ('' if policy is None else ' WHERE embedding_local_only=?'), params).fetchone()[0]
+    actual = conn.execute(f'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {table}' + ('' if policy is None else ' WHERE local_only=?'), params).fetchone()[0]
+    if missing or actual != expected:
+        raise ValueError('incomplete vector space coverage')
+    if top_k <= 0:
+        return []
+    rows = conn.execute(f'SELECT block_id,distance FROM {table} WHERE embedding MATCH ? AND k=?'
+                        + ('' if policy is None else ' AND local_only=?'),
+                        (sqlite_vec.serialize_float32(batch.vectors[0]), top_k, *params)).fetchall()
+    return [VectorHit(id=row[0], score=max(0.0, min(1.0, 1 - row[1] ** 2 / 2))) for row in rows]